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              <text>I hope you are all doing well as you finish the semester or, in the case of members of our new Class of 2024, complete high school. Everyone at Brown is eager to see you on College Hill.&#13;
&#13;
This priority message re-states the contents of an email sent yesterday, as Brown is committed to using all available channels to communicate regarding this public health crisis.&#13;
&#13;
To our graduating seniors, congratulations on being so close to getting your degrees! I am looking forward to the Virtual Degree Conferral ceremony on May 24, which you can learn more about here:&#13;
&#13;
https://degree.brown.edu&#13;
&#13;
None of us expected that we would be apart for this important moment marking your achievements at Brown, but we already are planning ahead for the time we can be together again to cheer on the Class of 2020 for the celebration of Commencement.&#13;
&#13;
While I hoped that the state of the pandemic would allow us to celebrate in October, we have made the decision to host a double Commencement in May 2021, for the Classes of 2020 and 2021. Based on the latest health information and expert guidance, we think it is likely that large gatherings still will not be possible early in the fall. Our graduating seniors will have the opportunity to celebrate their Commencement and their first Reunion at the same time.&#13;
&#13;
PLANNING FOR THE FALL RESUMPTION OF CLASSES&#13;
&#13;
As national conversations continue about the uncertain trajectory of the novel coronavirus pandemic, and what it means for colleges like Brown that offer residential experiences, I want to provide an update on planning for the reopening of the Brown campus. As I have shared previously, Brown’s plans are based on two foundational principles: (1) first and foremost, to protect the health of our students and employees to the best extent possible, and (2) to provide all of our students with an excellent academic experience.&#13;
&#13;
The mode of how we deliver the educational experience at Brown next year may very likely look different than in past years, but I want to provide the assurance that how we conduct the year will be based on the best expert advice for safeguarding the health of our community and maintaining Brown’s high standards of teaching and learning.&#13;
&#13;
We are planning for a range of different scenarios for the coming year, including variations of the following:&#13;
&#13;
-- A scenario in which we are able to follow our normal academic calendar, welcoming all students back to campus in the fall. (We know that this is optimistic, and it’s largely dependent on the progress in testing and treatment I have noted below.)&#13;
&#13;
-- A scenario in which the University offers three semesters of instruction next year and arranges for undergraduate students to be on campus for two of these semesters, thus providing an environment with  fewer students on campus at any one time.&#13;
&#13;
-- A scenario in which health conditions are such that the fall semester has to be conducted remotely, with a decision about the spring to be made in the middle of the fall semester.&#13;
&#13;
There could be various modifications under any on-campus scenario — reduction in class sizes, hybrid online and in-person learning with livestreamed lectures and smaller group discussion sessions, etc. — depending on containment of the novel coronavirus. In addition, even for an on-campus scenario, we’re planning for delivering education remotely for students who are unable to return to campus because of travel restrictions or health conditions.&#13;
&#13;
I plan to make a decision about Brown’s planned approach no later than July 15. There will be decisions about various academic programs that we have to make sooner, based on factors that include ongoing limitations to international travel (affecting study abroad, for instance), and program schedules that require early decisions for on-campus activities that usually take place during the late summer. These decisions will be announced as they are made.&#13;
&#13;
I understand that many of you are eager to know what next year will bring, and I would like nothing better than to give you definitive information sooner. However, there is still so much we don’t know about the course of the pandemic. In the coming months, we will learn how health conditions evolve as the U.S. economy begins to reopen, and how quickly innovations in testing, contact tracing and treatment occur. By waiting, we will be able to weigh these factors to make a better and more fully informed decision, which is in the best interest of the health of our community. I appreciate your patience.&#13;
&#13;
On Sunday, May 17, we will send new and continuing students a survey to get your thoughts about the choices you would most likely make under each of the scenarios currently under consideration. This confidential survey will be used solely to guide and refine our plans. Your answers will not commit you to making future choices.&#13;
&#13;
I strongly encourage you to take the survey. Your input is essential for helping us plan for an academic year that best meets the interests of Brown students. Following the conclusion of the survey, we will host virtual town halls for continuing and new students to share updates on planning. More details will be shared in the coming weeks.&#13;
&#13;
I want nothing more than to see all of you in person and on campus, as soon as is safely possible. Although the course of the pandemic is beyond our control, we are working as hard as we can to make that a reality. In the meantime, I hope that you and your loved ones stay healthy and well in the weeks and months ahead.&#13;
&#13;
Sincerely,&#13;
&#13;
Christina H. Paxson&#13;
President&#13;
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              <text>In light of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the University will resume on-campus instruction in the fall under a tri-semester model.&#13;
&#13;
Under this model, the University will offer instruction in the fall, spring and summer of the 2020-21 academic calendar, according to a community-wide announcement sent Tuesday by President Christina Paxson P’19. Students will enroll in two out of the three terms: Incoming first-years will be allowed to come to campus for the spring and summer semesters, while sophomores, juniors and seniors may return for the fall and spring. Sophomore enrollment may be shifted to fall/summer if public health recommendations change. &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Students must decide by July 15 whether they plan to return to Providence or study remotely for the fall semester, according to a follow-up email sent Tuesday by Vice President for Campus Life Eric Estes and Dean of the College Rashid Zia.&#13;
&#13;
With this distribution of students across three terms, in addition to anticipated reductions in enrollment due to travel restriction and other limitations for some students, around two-thirds of the student body is expected to be present on campus in the fall.&#13;
&#13;
Students will be tested for COVID-19 upon returning to campus, and will be expected to self-isolate during a 14-day “quiet period” at the start of each term, according to the revised academic calendar. Reusable masks — three of which will be provided to each student — and social distancing will be required in public, according to a website outlining plans for the upcoming academic calendar. &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Students will live in mostly single-occupancy housing in an effort to reduce density in residence halls as well as minimize shared use of restrooms. Those living on campus will be clustered into “pods” to minimize the spread of the virus in the event of a positive case. &#13;
&#13;
Some seniors may be assigned by the Office of Residential Life to off-campus apartments near shuttle routes leased by the University. “These units will be assigned and billed as if they are on-campus housing, but may have additional policies set by the private property manager,” according to the website. &#13;
&#13;
Students who cannot return to campus due to travel, visa or other restrictions may take courses remotely. Students on campus can also opt to take classes virtually. All courses with over 20 students will be remote.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
The University’s announcement follows modifications to Immigration and Customs Enforcement policy for international students related to online classes. Yesterday, the Student and Exchange Visitor Program announced changes to temporary exemptions regarding enrollment in online classes for international non-immigrant students on F-1 and M-1 visas. &#13;
&#13;
For the fall 2020 semester, students on these visas must take some classes in person to remain in the United States, ending an exemption that allowed those students to take a full online course load without affecting their status following campus closures in March.&#13;
&#13;
Students attending schools adopting a hybrid model “will be allowed to take more than one class or three credit hours online” if the schools certify that the student’s course load is not entirely online and that “the student is taking the minimum number of online classes required to make normal progress in their degree program.” &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
The University has not yet made an announcement about the implications of this change for its own hybrid plan, but is expected to provide further information for international students later today, according to an email from Paxson reviewed by The Herald.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Incoming first-years will be allowed to come to campus for the spring and summer semesters, while sophomores, juniors and seniors may return for the fall and spring. Sophomore enrollment may be shifted to fall/summer if public health recommendations change.&#13;
Public health conditions&#13;
&#13;
The decision to return to campus under a tri-semester model comes as coronavirus cases in the United States continue to rise. Only two states — Vermont and Connecticut — are considered “on track to contain COVID,” according to Covid Act Now. Rhode Island is one of only a few states in which the number of new cases is declining and is currently in Phase 3 of its reopening plan.&#13;
&#13;
By adopting this model, the University intends to minimize the population density of students on College Hill during any given semester in order to enable proper social distancing and other public health measures necessary to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. &#13;
&#13;
Today’s announcement of a staggered return to campus also puts the University in the ranks of Yale, Dartmouth, Penn, Cornell, Columbia, Princeton and a number of other peer institutions that have all said they will allow for some degree of on-campus instruction, rather than a fully remote fall. Harvard announced yesterday that all teaching would take place virtually, but up to 40 percent of undergraduates would be allowed to return to campus. The University is the last Ivy League institution to release its plan for the upcoming academic year.&#13;
&#13;
Since concerns about the novel coronavirus outbreak sent the majority of students home in March, Paxson has spoken out repeatedly about the importance of bringing students back to campus in the fall. She wrote an April 26 op-ed in the New York Times and testified before a United States Senate committee about the potential detriment, should campuses remain closed, to both students and higher education as a whole.&#13;
&#13;
The large majority of students surveyed by the University in May indicated a strong preference for on-campus experiences for the upcoming academic year, The Herald previously reported. In addition, when asked about their preferences under the tri-semester model, 85 percent of first-years, 87 percent of sophomores and 90 percent of juniors all identified the fall/spring semester combination as their first choice.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Since students were sent away from campus in March, President Paxson has spoken repeatedly about the importance of bringing students back to campus — including in a New York Times op-ed and in testimony in front of a U.S. Senate committee.&#13;
Academics and life on campus&#13;
&#13;
Fall classes will begin Sept. 9, but students will need to arrive on campus earlier in order to self-quarantine. Classes will end before Thanksgiving, and students who leave College Hill for the holiday will need to remain away from campus and conduct their reading period and final exams remotely. Students who stay in Providence for the Thanksgiving break will be allowed to remain on campus. All final exams will end by Dec. 11. &#13;
&#13;
The spring 2021 semester will begin Jan. 20, and the summer term will begin May 12.&#13;
&#13;
Most courses will be taught in a hybrid fashion, in which both in-person and remote learning will be accommodated. All large lectures will be held virtually, and in-person classes and sections will be restricted to 20 students or fewer. But if health conditions in Rhode Island worsen during the fall, Paxson added that all classes may shift to remote-only.&#13;
&#13;
Although first-years will not be enrolled full time, they will be able to attend one class for credit in the fall, virtually and free of charge.&#13;
&#13;
Faculty will have ultimate discretion in how their courses are offered and they will not be required to teach in person if they elect not to. Instructors will teach a normal course load for two out of the three terms. &#13;
&#13;
Classrooms, libraries and dining halls will be reconfigured for social distancing; for those students enrolled in a meal plan, all dining will be grab-and-go style for the fall semester. Meals will be delivered to those students in quarantine or self-isolation. &#13;
&#13;
A decision by the Ivy League on athletics is expected to be announced July 8.&#13;
&#13;
Safety measures&#13;
&#13;
In partnership with state and local public health authorities, the University will conduct surveillance testing for all community members throughout the year and implement technology-enabled contact tracing. &#13;
&#13;
All students will be required to sign an attestation that they will follow required public health measures, and that they “understand that disregard of public health practices is a conduct violation that could result in removal from campus,” according to Paxson’s email.&#13;
&#13;
Brown has partnered with a third-party vendor to engage in a routine testing pilot this summer that will inform the University’s testing strategy in the upcoming academic year.&#13;
&#13;
All symptomatic community members throughout the year will be tested. To monitor the spread of infection, the University will also conduct COVID-19 randomized sample testing, which will involve testing randomly selected students each week.&#13;
&#13;
Students and other community members will also be required to use a digital tool to schedule tests and record daily symptoms. This data will be “useful for identifying health trends on campus and informing the amount of routine testing that is needed,” Paxson wrote in her email.&#13;
&#13;
The large majority of undergraduates surveyed by the University expressed a willingness to submit to testing and install contact tracing software on mobile devices if asked, The Herald previously reported. A full 95 percent of respondents said they would be willing to be tested if asked, and 78 percent of students said they would be willing to install contact tracing technology on their mobile devices. The survey, which was sent to all undergraduate students May 17, garnered an 84 percent response rate.&#13;
&#13;
The City of Providence asked local universities and students to “follow best practices and health guidelines set forth by the (Rhode Island) Department of Health,” wrote Patricia Socarras, the mayor’s press secretary, in an email to The Herald. Socarras also encouraged students to “support the local businesses that make our city unique,” while complying with health and safety guidelines.</text>
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              <text>Most University undergraduate students expressed strong support for randomized COVID-19 testing and technology-enabled contact tracing in any on-campus scenarios for the upcoming academic year, according to the results of the Undergraduate Student Preferences Survey on 2020-21 Academic Year Scenarios.&#13;
&#13;
Sent to all returning undergraduate students May 17, the survey garnered an 84 percent response rate, accruing 4,475 responses. Another 1,234 incoming first-year students — 70 percent — also gave responses.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
The survey was developed to “gather information to guide and refine Brown’s plans for the fall in conjunction with a wide variety of additional factors, data points and considerations,” Provost Richard Locke P’18 wrote in a June 18 Today@Brown announcement regarding the key findings from the survey. &#13;
&#13;
The University is still considering three options for the 2020-21 academic year: a tri-semester model in which students would enroll in two semesters out of the three offered; an entirely remote fall with a decision about the spring semester to be made during the fall; or a normal academic calendar allowing all students to return to campus — an “optimistic scenario that is largely dependent on broader progress in testing and treatment,” Locke wrote. &#13;
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“Student preferences will serve as one factor in the complex effort to develop solutions that protect the health and safety of students, faculty, staff and the extended community, while maximizing teaching, learning and research operations to the greatest extent possible,” he wrote.&#13;
&#13;
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President Christina Paxson P’19 has committed to sharing an official decision on the University’s plans for the fall by July 15, The Herald previously reported.&#13;
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For scenarios including an on-campus component, the University plans to conduct “surveillance testing” of COVID-19 to monitor any changes in the rate of infection on campus, according to the key findings report. This would include testing of several hundred randomly selected students each week.&#13;
&#13;
On tracking the spread of the virus, Paxson previously indicated that the University would also pursue testing of all students and employees upon their return to campus and testing for all symptomatic students and employees throughout the year.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
A full 88 percent of student survey respondents said that they believe random testing is “extremely” or “very important,” with just 10 percent believing random testing is “somewhat important” and only two percent saying it is “not important.” Nearly all respondents — 95 percent — said they would be willing to be tested if asked. &#13;
&#13;
Most students also expressed support for “technology-enabled contact tracing,” which would require the installation of a mobile app that would alert students if they had been in close contact with someone who tests positive for COVID-19 and track those with whom students have been in contact in case they test positive. &#13;
&#13;
Over three quarters — 76 percent — of students said that it is “extremely” or “very” important to “make this technology available to all students, faculty and staff,” and 78 percent of students said they would be willing to install contact tracing technology on their mobile devices. &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Beginning this summer, the University has contracted with life sciences and health care company Verily to “test all essential on-site and essential-special graduate students, faculty and staff” in a routine testing pilot program, Locke and Executive Vice President for Finance and Administration Barbara Chernow ’79 wrote in a June 14 Today@Brown announcement.&#13;
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“We anticipate that what we learn from this summer pilot will provide essential information that helps to inform our public health testing strategy for the coming academic year,” they wrote. </text>
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              <text>Updated 1:10 p.m., July 16, 2020&#13;
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To supplement the supply of on-campus housing and allow for a de-densified campus during the upcoming academic year, the University has agreed to one-year leases at four off-campus locations in Providence. &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
The University has leased units at 257 Thayer Apartments, River House, 95 Chestnut Street and Chestnut Commons at 85 Chestnut St., according to University Spokesperson Brian Clark. The University will be assigning some students, primarily seniors, to these off-campus apartments, according to Residential Life’s Fall 2020 Opening website. &#13;
&#13;
The residences are “all within reasonable walking distance to existing shuttle stops,” Clark wrote in an email to The Herald.&#13;
&#13;
In total, the leases will cover approximately 220 beds, with the number of beds per location ranging from 30 to 70, Clark wrote. Apartment-style units include studios and one-, two- and three-bedroom apartments. Some of the units will be fully furnished, and the University will provide furnishings in other cases.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
The units will be assigned and billed as if they are on-campus housing, but students living there may be subject to additional policies implemented by the private property managers. The cost of housing at Brown for the 2020-2021 academic year was set at $9,774 — a 3.76 percent increase from the previous academic year — at the Corporation’s February meeting.   &#13;
&#13;
Clark said that “the financial terms of our leases, on these or any other leases for Brown, is not information that we’d share publicly.”&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Students with a minimum semester level of five may request assignment to a Brown-leased off-campus apartment. Assignments will prioritize higher semester-level, according to the Fall 2020 Location of Study form and housing questionnaire. In the housing questionnaire, students may also list up to three other students that they would like to live near as preferred neighbors. Students are required to submit this form indicating their location of study, as well as their housing and meal plan preferences for the upcoming academic year by 11:59 p.m. Wednesday, July 15. &#13;
&#13;
Approximately half of the University’s on-campus housing will be in use in the fall semester, according to the Reslife Fall 2020 website. Students living on campus will be placed in singles to reduce building density and enable proper social distancing measures amid the ongoing coronavirus pandemic.&#13;
&#13;
Housing assignments for the fall are for one semester only, The Herald previously reported. It was not immediately clear if students in the Brown-leased spaces would only be placed in those accommodations for the fall.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Returning students will be notified of their housing assignments by Aug. 10, and students will move onto campus on a staggered schedule between Aug. 29 and Sept. 1.&#13;
&#13;
Clarification: A previous version of this article noted that University Spokesperson Brian Clark declined to comment on the financial terms of the University’s leases. In fact, Clark said that the financial terms of the leases is not information that the University would share publicly.</text>
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              <text>Most University undergraduate students prefer on-campus experiences for the upcoming academic year, according to the results of the Undergraduate Student Preferences Survey on 2020-21 Academic Year Scenarios.&#13;
&#13;
Sent to all returning undergraduate students May 17, the survey garnered an 84 percent response rate, accruing 4,475 responses. Another 1,234 incoming first-year students — 70 percent — also responded to the survey, which they received May 20.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
The survey was developed to “gather information to guide and refine Brown’s plans for the fall in conjunction with a wide variety of additional factors, data points and considerations,” Provost Richard Locke P’18 wrote in a June 18 Today@Brown announcement regarding the key findings from the survey. &#13;
&#13;
Over 1,800 students also provided further comments in the survey, mostly regarding topics including the cost of attendance for the 2020-21 academic year, plans for ensuring the health and safety of the University and wider community, the impact of the various scenarios on summer employment, research and internship opportunities and relevant plans for events, gatherings and residential arrangements. &#13;
&#13;
The University is still considering three options for the 2020-21 academic year: a tri-semester model in which students would enroll in two semesters out of the three offered; an entirely remote fall with a decision about the spring semester to be made during the fall; or a normal academic calendar allowing all students to return to campus — an “optimistic scenario that is largely dependent on broader progress in testing and treatment,” Locke wrote. &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
“Student preferences will serve as one factor in the complex effort to develop solutions that protect the health and safety of students, faculty, staff and the extended community, while maximizing teaching, learning and research operations to the greatest extent possible,” he wrote.&#13;
&#13;
President Christina Paxson P’19 has committed to sharing an official decision on the University’s plans for the fall by July 15, The Herald previously reported.&#13;
&#13;
Preferences for on-campus experiences&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
For each of the outlined options under consideration, the survey asked students whether they would choose to remain enrolled in the fall or would instead request a leave of absence or gap year. &#13;
&#13;
In the case of a fully remote fall semester, 47 percent of returning students and 60 percent of incoming first-years indicated that they would complete the term remotely. Under a normal, on-campus calendar, 84 percent of returning students and 93 percent of incoming first-years said that they would enroll and return to campus.&#13;
&#13;
Among students who would be unable to return to campus due to travel restrictions or health considerations, exactly half of returning students said that they would complete the fall semester remotely, with the other half indicating that they were likely to request a leave or were undecided about their plans. Among incoming first-year students under either of these restrictions, 47 percent would enroll remotely, a quarter would request a gap year and 27 percent were unsure. &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Preferences under the tri-semester scenario&#13;
&#13;
The survey also asked first-, second- and third-year students to indicate their top two semester combination preferences under the three-semester model.&#13;
&#13;
An overwhelming proportion of these students — 85 percent of first-years, 87 percent of sophomores and 90 percent of juniors — identified the fall/spring semester combination as their first choice. The spring/summer combination was the “second-choice favorite” for 45 to 49 percent of students, followed closely by the fall/summer combination, which 33 to 42 percent of students selected as their second choice.&#13;
&#13;
If offered the fall/spring combination, nearly 90 percent of each group — incoming first-years, sophomores and juniors — indicated that they would likely return to campus for both semesters. But students’ likely decisions varied more for the fall/summer and spring/summer options. &#13;
&#13;
Only 43 percent of juniors said they would take both semesters in person if they were given the fall/summer combination, with 22 percent planning to take the summer semester remotely and 27 percent indicating that they would instead request a leave of absence for the year. Two-thirds of incoming first years and 53 percent of sophomores said they would take both semesters in person if given this non-consecutive combination.&#13;
&#13;
If offered the spring/summer option, over half of students in each year said they would return to campus for both semesters, but another 13 to 20 percent of students would take the summer semester remotely and nearly a quarter of juniors would not re-enroll for the year. &#13;
&#13;
Seniors were asked about their preferences for each semester separately, rather than for semester combination preferences. Most indicated that they would “expect to enroll in the fall and spring semesters and complete all graduation requirements before the summer,” according to the key findings report.&#13;
&#13;
While the University has not yet released additional details on what a tri-semester model will look like, in her written testimony to the United States Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee, Paxson outlined elements of the University’s plan in the event that there is at least some on-campus learning in the fall, The Herald previously reported.&#13;
&#13;
Classrooms, libraries and dining halls would be “reconfigured to enable social distancing” and large lectures would take place virtually. Residence halls would be “de-densified,” so that students would live in singles and bathrooms would be shared among fewer students.&#13;
&#13;
Under this “de-densified residential scenario,” the University would also need to rent hotel rooms and implement further safety measures. And if following a tri-semester calendar, Locke said the University will likely need to hire more faculty to teach during the extra semester, The Herald previously reported.</text>
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              <text>Professor of Biology Kenneth Miller ’70 is no stranger to using technology as a tool for teaching. The end of the recent spring semester marked the completion of Miller’s 40th year at the University, but he remembers as early as the mid-1980s — “before the Internet was called the Internet” — using an old Macintosh computer in his lab and giving students a URL to access course material.&#13;
&#13;
Four decades later, as Miller prepares for the largely remote academic calendar ahead under the recently announced tri-semester model, he feels well-equipped for the transition to Zoom classes and virtual teaching. &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
“Even before the switch in mid-March this year, I was regularly building an online presence for (BIOL 0200: The Foundation of Living Systems), video-recording all of my lectures, posting all of my slides, putting up all the handouts, posting copies of old exams to use as study guides,” he said.&#13;
&#13;
Though the transition will pose unique hurdles for each faculty member and the landscape of their discipline, some University faculty are cautiously optimistic about a safe return to campus as College Hill prepares to open its gates to students in a staggered, de-densified model.&#13;
&#13;
Weighing excitement to welcome students back to campus with the hope that their own health will be protected, five University faculty members told The Herald about their anticipations for the upcoming fall. &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Miller was struck by the unique formulation of hybrid learning proposed by Brown upon their initial unveiling of a potential tri-semester plan earlier this spring. He said the plan was “both interesting and creative,” as peer institutions across the country also grappled with how to bring back students safely and thoughtfully. As the University neared a final decision, Miller felt that the Faculty Executive Committee was a helpful resource in representing the wishes of the faculty to the administration. &#13;
&#13;
As a member of the FEC, Professor of Political Science and International and Public Affairs Ross Cheit said that he and other members met weekly with President Paxson P’19 and Provost Richard Locke P ’18. In these meetings, “we were assured, and I think absolutely have been given power of decision” in how faculty would conduct their courses. &#13;
&#13;
Miller felt that faculty’s foremost concern — the protection and prioritization of their health and safety — was ultimately honored in the University’s decision-making by allowing them to opt out of in-person teaching, even if their course enrollments will not exceed 20 students. &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Associate Professor of Sociology Nicole Gonzalez Van Cleve said she appreciates that the “comfort level of faculty, and the comfort level of students, has been a centered priority” in the University’s decision. “I was happy with the announcement … because some students do need to be on campus to continue their education, and I think there are safe ways to do that,” she said. “I think that populating the campus to conform to the new safe standards is the priority. So I think what’s really wonderful is Brown is not trying to force an old system into a new reality.”&#13;
&#13;
Leslie Bostrom, professor of visual art and chair of the department, acknowledged that the administration has “worked very hard to make a safety plan for when everybody comes back,” she said. “And I do trust them, I think that (President Paxson) has done a great job, and (Provost Locke) has done a great job.” &#13;
&#13;
As a leader in her department, the task of protecting the health and interests of her faculty is in Bostrom’s hands. “How do you get the best quality education, but at the same time keep everybody safe?” Bostrom asked. “That’s the hard juggle.”&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Cheit speculates that if COVID-19 cases continue to climb at an untenable rate, the University could decide to go fully remote, as opposed to the current hybrid model. But given recent news from Immigrations and Customs Enforcement that international students holding F-1 visas will not be permitted to study in the United States if their course load is fully remote, the University may be more hesitant to shift classes to an entirely online format. &#13;
&#13;
Miller plans to teach his fall coursework remotely, he said, though he laments the loss of personal connection to students that is difficult to replicate through a computer screen, over Zoom. In place of his tradition of Friday lunches with students in the Ratty or V-Dub, Miller says he may have to conduct virtual ice-breakers with students. But “when we go entirely online, you’re never going to be able to form that personal bond in that exact same way,” he said. &#13;
&#13;
Cheit will also teach POLS 1050: Ethics and Public Policy, a usually large lecture class, remotely in the fall, a large lecture course that mostly attracts juniors and seniors. But like many other professors, he will have to reinvent the shape of the course for an online format.&#13;
&#13;
He acknowledged the inevitable complexity of a decision concerning the resumption of on-campus operations, noting that some disciplines are more adaptable to a virtual setting than others.&#13;
&#13;
With the announcement, Cheit is now concerned with the distribution of labor across the three semesters, which will vary by department. While emergency circumstances surrounding the sudden evacuation of students this spring entailed lower expectations for a smooth transition to remote learning, “people will expect more” for this fall now that faculty have a clearer picture of the trajectory of the academic calendar. &#13;
&#13;
While Cheit predicts that many faculty will be wary of teaching a summer semester, which may mean that they will have no break before the beginning of the fall semester of the 2021-22 academic calendar, Gonzalez Van Cleve volunteered to teach  SOC 1116 Criminal Courts and the Law in an Era of Mass Incarceration in the summer with the hope that in-person teaching may be more feasible by that time. &#13;
&#13;
“I actually raised my hand to do that for the freshmen because I thought, first of all, I’ll be really excited to meet them, and they’ll be excited to be on campus,” she said. “And maybe this will be a new tradition, maybe this is something where Brown ends up having a vibrant summer session that most universities don’t have, and it’s born out of this national tragedy.”&#13;
&#13;
The “joy in learning,” Gonzalez Van Cleve said, “comes from human connection.”&#13;
&#13;
Bostrom said that many of her colleagues similarly volunteered for summer teaching, excited about the potential for teaching outdoor, socially distanced classes. For example, a course dedicated to drawing with watercolors is “perfect for teaching outdoors,” she said, and a sculpture installation course can utilize materials from nature to enhance the art. &#13;
&#13;
Bostrom and her colleagues are eager to welcome students back to a reconfigured List Arts Center, with acrylic barriers between staggered desks and smaller classes of masked students. Though she, like all other department chairs across campus, must adapt her discipline to the constraints of the pandemic, she is pleased that the tri-semester model will allow for on-campus instruction in any capacity. &#13;
&#13;
Michelle Bach-Coulibaly, a senior lecturer in theatre arts and performance studies, relies on movement and body language for her teaching that is lost over Zoom. Unlike faculty in other fields whose transition online requires lecturing virtually and uploading course material to Canvas, Bach-Coulibaly must reimagine her approach to teaching dance composition entirely to account for the loss of in-person interaction. &#13;
&#13;
“I’m reinventing my own universe here,” she said.&#13;
&#13;
Bach-Coulibaly has served as a first-year advisor for the past several years in the Curricular Advising Program. From that experience, she understands the importance of grounding connections and finding stability on campus, and wishes that first-years had been given priority in the tri-semester model as a group of students particularly vulnerable to the transition. “I saw how important it was to have that initial contact, not only with the physical spaces — to get them acclimated, to welcome them onto campus, to work with their CAP advisors, to really give them a solid sense of belonging,” she said. &#13;
&#13;
“I want the people who want to be there to be there, that’s it,” Bach-Coulibaly said. “We will create an environment that’s really conducive to deep learning, that’s all we can do, that’s what the job is.”&#13;
&#13;
In March, after students were abruptly sent home due to growing concerns about the pandemic, Gonzalez Van Cleve wrote a letter to her students preaching the importance of self-care and expressing her support during a difficult transition. On Twitter, her letter received over 11,000 likes and over 3,000 retweets. She hopes to reemphasize the same care for her students in the coming academic year, and “honor what people are going through,” she said. &#13;
&#13;
“The coronavirus didn’t disappear because we’re exhausted from staying inside,” Gonzalez Van Cleve said. “And I would say likewise, the issues facing students, as we see with international students right now, did not disappear because a few months have passed.”</text>
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              <text>While President Christina Paxson P’19 said she is “very cautiously optimistic” that an on-campus experience split into three terms could happen for the coming academic year, the safety of community members and the observance of public health guidelines will remain priorities.&#13;
&#13;
At Tuesday’s faculty meeting, Paxson and Provost Richard Locke P’18 presented ideas on how in-person academic experiences on College Hill could change if the University holds three separate fall, spring and summer terms. &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Paxson also announced that the University is working on contingency plans for a regularly scheduled, two-term academic year and a fall semester of remote learning, The Herald previously reported. Paxson will make a decision on which of the plans to follow by July 15. &#13;
&#13;
Large gatherings, which typically characterize several features of University life including sports games, lectures and social events, would be difficult to accommodate if guidelines continue to limit the number of people who can gather together. Holding the school year over three terms would reduce population density on campus and possibly prevent the spread of the virus. &#13;
&#13;
Locke said that classes with more than 100 students will most likely have to be taught in a flipped classroom, in which lectures are recorded, but smaller in-person discussion groups will be allowed. Locke assured faculty that many of the University’s small classes would be offered as traditional in-person classes, taking their same pre-pandemic form. Medium-sized classes, according to Locke, would still be offered in-person, but students would have to be spread out in large lecture halls.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Paxson also wrote that the University is planning to offer online classes to students who cannot physically return to campus due to travel restrictions or health conditions. &#13;
&#13;
To accommodate the three-semester plan, the University would have to offer some classes twice as often as usual. Still, Locke stressed that this outcome would not require extra work from faculty, as most of the courses that would be offered twice would be large intro classes that would have a lecture capture component. &#13;
&#13;
Faculty would also have the choice of which of the two semesters they teach and would not have to teach three semesters if they did not want to, Locke added. &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Locke stated that the University is going to work closely with departments in determining which courses would be offered in each of the three proposed academic year models. &#13;
&#13;
The University would then offer an expanded number of classes during the summer for undergraduates. It would simultaneously continue to offer its pre-college programs, such as Summer@Brown. Locke added that the University would be able to support all students on campus for both summer programs and the staggered second semester due to new residence hall construction and housing usually not being filled by summer programs in recent years.&#13;
&#13;
Paxson explained that the three-semester system was inspired by a model that Dartmouth already had in place before the COVID-19 crisis to deal with overpopulation on their campus. “They structured it in such a way that it’s seen as a wonderful experience, instead of a burden,” Locke said. Because of the model’s success at Dartmouth, Locke and Paxson said that they are optimistic about how students will respond to this idea. &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
“We are going to try to find out what the preferences of the students are” for the three-semester schedule, and “of course that means some people might not get their first choices but we want to make the whole academic year a wonderful experience,” Locke said.&#13;
&#13;
Locke also added that the University is going to try its best to provide programming for students in the semester that they are not on campus. Locke said this could be done by offering online internships with alumni or no-fee online classes.&#13;
&#13;
Paxson said that students will have an important role determining what will happen. In a community-wide email Wednesday, Paxson wrote that a confidential survey will be sent to new and continuing students on May 17 “to guide and refine our plans.” She strongly encouraged students to take the survey and wrote that there will be virtual town halls for students “to share updates on planning.” &#13;
&#13;
According to Paxson, the data from the survey and information from the town halls will be key in aiding the University’s planning. Royce Family Professor of Teaching Excellence and Professor of Economics Emily Oster, head of the Healthy Fall 2020 Task Force, said during the faculty meeting that the best ideas of safety measures on campus have come from students. &#13;
&#13;
Paxson stated that she believes that students are conscious of the importance of social distancing measures and will be able to respect those both in classes as well as in social spaces of the University.&#13;
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The University must wait in order to ultimately “weigh these factors to make a better and more fully informed decision,” Paxson said.</text>
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              <text>President Christina Paxson P’19 announced three possible scenarios for the 2020-2021 academic year in light of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic at Tuesday’s faculty meeting. &#13;
&#13;
The semester could proceed as planned with all students returning to campus in September. But, the University is also preparing for the chance that the pandemic continues with such severity that the fall semester is taught remotely. Or, to reduce population density on College Hill, the University could turn to a three-term academic year. &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Paxson will make a decision on the coming academic year by July 15, she wrote in an email to the University community Wednesday morning.&#13;
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In the best-case scenario, which Paxson said is “very unlikely at this point,” the pandemic will have receded and innovations in testing and treatment will have progressed enough that the semester can begin as usual after Labor Day. This plan, drawn from “looking at countries that are further ahead,” would still require some restrictions on large group gatherings. &#13;
&#13;
In the worst-case scenario, a new wave of coronavirus cases when the national and Rhode Island economies open up would reimpose and continue restrictions to the extent that the fall semester would have to take place online. &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Paxson is also “very cautiously optimistic” that a third scenario could occur: The University may host three terms of the academic year rather than its typical two-semester schedule. &#13;
&#13;
This model could be implemented if the Rhode Island economy opens and domestic travel is allowed, but some social distancing is still maintained, Paxson said. In this model, the University would shift to fall, spring and summer terms, with students only attending two out of these three semesters. &#13;
&#13;
According to Provost Richard Locke P’18, this model would decrease campus population density, with no more than three-fourths of the student body on campus at a time.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
A specific budget will be developed to fit each of the three contingency plans. Paxson assured faculty at the meeting that the University had enough financial resources for each of the three academic-year models. A finance team has developed a liquidity model to ensure the University has enough cash, she added. &#13;
&#13;
Paxson also said that the endowment cannot be used directly to pay for these expenditures since it is invested in less liquid assets and comprises different funds specifically designated for different purposes. The endowment, according to Paxson, will rather serve as a safety net which ensures the University can continue to operate, by offering “collateral lines of credit and issuing debt” to enhance liquidity.&#13;
&#13;
Locke added that the University expects that 10 percent of students will not return to campus in the fall, either due to travel restrictions or choosing to take a gap year. Paxson added that this reduction will allow students to be “spread out” by remaining six feet from each other and having their own singles. &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Whichever scenario takes place, the University will have to adhere to Rhode Island’s plans and restrictions as a part of the state community, Paxson said. &#13;
&#13;
In order to re-open, Paxson stressed that University would have to develop contact-tracing and testing capacities as well as facilities for self-isolation to ensure that the pandemic does not spread on campus. The University will offer safety equipment, including masks, to all members of the community to guarantee safety.&#13;
&#13;
Paxson stated that the four groups that were announced in April’s faculty meeting are still working together in COVID-19-related planning. Paxson highlighted that these groups are not decision-making groups; rather they occupy an advising and planning role. Paxson added that the membership for these groups will be posted in the next few days in the COVID-19 updates on Brown’s website. &#13;
&#13;
A faculty meeting will be held May 22 to further discuss the plans. &#13;
&#13;
In closing her community-wide email, Paxson wrote that she “wants nothing more than to see all of you in person and on campus.”</text>
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              <text>Updated 3:16 p.m. May 23, 2020&#13;
&#13;
At a special faculty meeting Wednesday, Provost Richard Locke P’18 detailed a potential tri-semester model for the 2020-2021 academic year, but also explained that the University is preparing for the possibility of a fully remote fall semester. &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
To accommodate the possible residential tri-semester model, first outlined in a community-wide email May 6 and described in a May 5 faculty meeting, the University is designing a new academic calendar. In this model consisting of fall, spring and summer terms, which would require every student to complete two semesters out of these three, classes would start and end earlier, and spring break would be replaced with three small breaks to avoid student travel. Students would also have the option to depart from campus earlier and have a remote reading and finals period.&#13;
&#13;
A typical semester at Brown is 15 weeks long and includes 64 to 69 days of instruction. For the next academic year, Locke said the University has received approval from federal and regional guidelines to implement a 60-day semester that spans 14 weeks. &#13;
&#13;
On planning for in-person learning in the fall, Locke said, “We need to do this, not just because it will be a good thing for our reputation or be better for us in the sense that we lose less money if we do a residential experience, but (because) it’s intrinsically valuable to the core of our mission.”&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
According to Locke, under the tri-semester model the upcoming fall semester would “more or less look like it always does.” Classes would start on Sept. 9, the Wednesday after Labor Day, but students would be able to arrive on campus earlier in order to self-quarantine before classes begin. The break for Indigenous Peoples’ Day would be maintained. &#13;
&#13;
Classes would end right before Thanksgiving and grades would be due Dec. 14. Students who leave campus for the holiday could remain away from campus and conduct their reading period and final exams remotely. Students would have the option to stay on campus for those periods if they do not leave Providence for the Thanksgiving break. &#13;
&#13;
But Locke highlighted that a residential fall is extremely dependent on how safe it is for members of the community to return. &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
“We would never ask anyone — faculty, staff or students — to return to campus unless it was safe for them to do so,” Locke said. “And by safe, we mean determined by public health guidelines, data and the state of Rhode Island guidelines.”&#13;
&#13;
If the next academic year does include an on-campus fall semester, the University would not force individuals to return to campus. The University is “going to be prepared to teach all of our courses remotely.” &#13;
&#13;
A survey was sent to faculty to determine what support they would need in order to teach their fall courses remotely, if necessary. Locke expressed confidence that over the next three months, courses can be properly adjusted for virtual learning, and that Brown would still offer “world class instruction.”&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
President Christina Paxson P’19 added the University will soon start “active surveillance of COVID-19 on campus.” This will include tracing and testing for employees and research that eventually return to campus this summer. Paxson explained that she believes this “will be a great way to reassure people that things are good,” while also functioning as an “early warning system if we start to run into problems.”&#13;
&#13;
The pandemic and a three-semester schedule would also change the academic calendar for the rest of the year.&#13;
&#13;
On Jan. 20, the spring 2021 semester would begin, and classes would continue until April 8. While the University would eliminate the week-long spring break, the potential spring calendar would still include three long weekends for Martin Luther King Day, Presidents’ Day and for a weekend in early April. According to Locke, the elimination of a week-long spring break would maintain safety by preventing having “people dispersed around the world and then (coming) back to the community.” &#13;
&#13;
Like the previous semester, students would be able to leave campus after classes finished, and could have a remote reading and finals period from April 12-23. Final grades would be due on April 26.&#13;
&#13;
According to Locke, this end date would allow the University to hold a commencement ceremony for the class of 2020 and the class of 2021 in early May, as The Herald previously reported.&#13;
&#13;
Classes for the new summer 2021 semester would begin on May 12 and would end July 30. This period would include two long weekends during Memorial Day and Independence Day. Like the other semesters in this academic year, students would be able to depart campus and have a remote reading and finals period from Aug. 2 to Aug. 13, with final grades due on Aug. 16. </text>
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              <text>The University is currently “planning intensely” in order to be prepared to implement the three-semester calendar for the coming academic year in light of the coronavirus pandemic, regardless of whether these fall, spring or summer semesters are held in person or online, President Paxson P’19 said during a special faculty meeting Tuesday.&#13;
&#13;
James Morgan, professor of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences and chair of the Faculty Executive Committee, announced that the Faculty Executive Committee will hold a special meeting Wednesday to consider the motion to move to a three-semester calendar. Approval of this new calendar is separate from the decision about whether or not instruction is remote and would be, “in principle, only a change to the academic calendar for 2020-2021,” he added.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
“Proposing the three-semester academic calendar for approval is an enabling step that would, pending that approval, position the University to move forward quickly should the three-semester scenario be decided upon for 2020-21,” University Spokesperson Brian Clark wrote in an email to The Herald. But, he added, “There has been no final decision as of yet. All three scenarios remain options with a decision to come in the coming few weeks.”&#13;
&#13;
Paxson noted the distinction between the calendar decision and the in-person and online decision. “Even if we have to go remote in the fall, we mostly likely still would have to follow the three-semester model,” she explained, adding that “in some ways you can detach the semester model from the remote or in person piece.”&#13;
&#13;
Previously, the University had laid out three separate plans for the 2020-21 academic year: remote fall learning, a regular in-person fall semester, or a three-semester, in-person model, in which most students would come back to campus to attend two of the semesters to reduce the number of students on College Hill during each semester and prevent the spread of the virus.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
While other New England schools like Middlebury College and Boston College have announced their fall decisions, Brown has not yet finalized its plans but will do so by July 15.&#13;
&#13;
Paxson said that the University will attempt to accommodate in-person learning for first-year students’ first semester on campus. To fulfill this goal, first years would need to attend the spring and summer semesters in person if the fall semester is completely remote. &#13;
&#13;
“We really want the first-year students to have an in-person experience if it’s at all possible,” Paxson said. ”We want to bring them back in the spring if it’s safe to do so.” In addition to the question of whether the fall semester can be held in person, the University will continue to consider whether the spring and summer semesters may be held remotely or in-person, depending on the state of the pandemic and public health.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Furthermore, faculty will decide whether their classes are offered in-person or remotely, Provost Richard Locke P’18 said. Faculty will not be required to teach in person if they do not want to.&#13;
&#13;
“We are committed not to bring people back to campus unless it’s safe to be on campus. We would not ask anyone to teach in person unless it was safe to do so,” Locke said.&#13;
&#13;
Paxson agreed with Locke and added that the option for classes to be offered in-person or online will remain dependent on the continuously evolving condition of public health. &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Results of re-openings in the Northeast and Rhode Island have made Paxson optimistic about returning to the University for in-person instruction, although she said she is “disheartened” by results seen in southern and western parts of the United States. &#13;
&#13;
Still, Paxson emphasized that the University will not reopen campus if it is not safe for students to return.&#13;
&#13;
“We are planning intensely for a three-semester (year and) de-densified fall. If it comes in August and it just is clear that it won’t be healthy and safe to do that, then we would retreat,” Paxson said. “It isn’t like some decision has been made and we are just moving forward regardless of the health circumstances — we are paying careful attention.”&#13;
&#13;
During the meeting, Locke also provided updates regarding current planning for academic continuity in case of a three-semester calendar or remote learning. &#13;
&#13;
Following the May 21 announcement that departments, centers, institutes and concentrations needed to submit an academic plan for the three-semester model, Locke reported that 61 out of the 62 academic clusters have already submitted their plans. Thirty-three of the submitted plans have been approved by the University thus far.&#13;
&#13;
Locke also discussed further what an in-person instruction model could look like while trying to prevent the spread of COVID-19.&#13;
&#13;
If in-person learning takes place, classes and sections will be restricted to 20 students or fewer.&#13;
&#13;
Departments with strict sequence requirements — like languages and sciences — will need to adjust their requirements to the new calendar. &#13;
&#13;
Paxson stated that the University plans to host an open discussion on July 15, as well as another faculty meeting and forum on an as-yet unspecified date to continue discussing plans for the coming academic year.&#13;
&#13;
Correction: Due to an editing error, a previous version of this article stated that faculty will be required to teach in person if they do not want to. In fact, faculty will not be required to teach in person. The Herald regrets the error.</text>
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